![]() “If that story existed, believe me, we would have heard about it,” said Ken Lukaska, who worked as a product manager for the core Cheetos brand when Flamin’ Hots were rolling out nationally. None recalls anything like the episode Montañez describes taking place. The Times spoke with 20 people who worked at the Frito-Lay divisions responsible for new product development 32 years ago, when Flamin’ Hot Cheetos were first extruded into existence. In his new memoir, he lays out a dramatic scene, with more than 100 people, most of them “leading executives,” assembled alongside the CEO in a conference room at the Rancho Cucamonga complex to witness his presentation. The core of Montañez’s story rested on the pitch meeting that he says changed his life, where he sold his idea of Flamin’ Hot Cheetos directly to the Frito-Lay elite. The producers of the film and the publisher of Montañez’s latest book did not respond to requests for comment before publication of this article. The producers of his biopic, despite being informed of problems by Frito-Lay in 2019, announced a cast for the movie in early May. That process unearthed evidence calling his account into question and led the company to the conclusion it shared with The Times: “We value Richard’s many contributions to our company, especially his insights into Hispanic consumers, but we do not credit the creation of Flamin’ Hot Cheetos or any Flamin’ Hot products to him.” Greenfeld contacted Frito-Lay in 2018 after first seeing that Montañez was taking credit for Flamin’ Hot Cheetos, triggering a company investigation. Most of the original Flamin’ Hot team had retired by the 2000s, but the few who remained let the story spread unchecked. ![]() Then the online media, hungry for a feel-good story, took his claims viral.Īnd nobody at Frito-Lay stopped him. First, he talked about it in speeches at local business and philanthropy award ceremonies. He also pitched new product initiatives, which may have changed the path of his career.īut Montañez began taking public credit for inventing Flamin’ Hots in the late 2000s, nearly two decades after they were invented. Montañez did live out a less Hollywood version of his story, ascending from a plant worker to a director focused on marketing. Times subscribers first access to our best journalism. Subscribers get early access to this story A junior employee with a freshly minted MBA named Lynne Greenfeld got the assignment to develop the brand - she came up with the Flamin’ Hot name and shepherded the line into existence. The new product was designed to compete with spicy snacks sold in the inner-city mini-marts of the Midwest. “That doesn’t mean we don’t celebrate Richard,” the statement continued, “but the facts do not support the urban legend.”įlamin’ Hots were created by a team of hotshot snack food professionals starting in 1989, in the corporate offices of Frito-Lay’s headquarters in Plano, Texas. “We have interviewed multiple personnel who were involved in the test market, and all of them indicate that Richard was not involved in any capacity in the test market. “None of our records show that Richard was involved in any capacity in the Flamin’ Hot test market,” Frito-Lay wrote in a statement to The Times, in response to questions about an internal investigation whose existence has not been previously disclosed. There’s just one problem: Montañez didn’t invent Flamin’ Hot Cheetos, according to interviews with more than a dozen former Frito-Lay employees, the archival record and Frito-Lay itself. Both the book and the movie were sold after bidding wars - Montañez’s story is undeniably hot. ![]() ![]() His second memoir, “Flamin’ Hot: The Incredible True Story of One Man’s Rise from Janitor to Top Executive,” is out in June from an imprint of Penguin Random House.Ī biopic based on his life, to be directed by Eva Longoria and produced by Christian super-producer DeVon Franklin for Searchlight Pictures, is set to begin filming this summer. Montañez has built a lucrative second career out of telling and selling this story, appearing at events for Target, Walmart, Harvard and USC, among others, and commanding fees of $10,000 to $50,000 per appearance. Clear revenue numbers are hard to come by, but nearly every major Frito-Lay line, from Smartfood popcorn to Funyuns, now has a Flamin’ Hot variety on the market. Schools have banned the snack altogether over concerns about its popularity with children. With their spicy kick and neon-red flavor dust, Flamin’ Hot Cheetos have inspired viral rap videos, Instagram-worthy menu items and streetwear designs. Montañez is a charismatic speaker, and his tale of a Mexican American underdog whose ingenuity conquered the corporate world is a rags-to-riches fable baked into the origin of a wildly popular snack. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Step 4: Select ‘Show Package Contents’ from the list of options. Step 3: Look for Microsoft Outlook and right-click on it to reveal options. Step 2: Click on Applications from the left menu. Step 1: Press Command + Spacebar to reveal Spotlight Search, type Finder, and press Return. You can create a new Outlook profile by using Outlook Profile Manager and check if your original Profile is corrupted or not. The Outlook Mail profile saves all the settings and configurations related to your account. If the Outlook app is still not working, your current Outlook profile may be corrupt. Step 6: After your Mac restarts, try launching the Outlook app. Step 5: Close the Terminal app, click the Apple icon at the top-left corner, and select Restart. Step 4: After this, enter the following command and press Return. Step 3: In the Terminal app, type the following command and press Return.ĭefaults write DisablePreviewForSMIME 1 Step 2: Press Command + Spacebar to open Spotlight Search, type Terminal, and press Return. Step 1: Force Quit the Outlook app by following the steps mentioned above. ![]() If the Outlook app is still not working on your Mac, you should try disabling the Preview feature for Encrypted email, which might be freezing the app. This feature is useful when you don’t trust the recipient’s email provider to be secure. Outlook offers the Encryption feature that lets you protect any confidential information you share in your email message. Step 5: Once Disk Utility repairs your disk, close the window and try launching the Outlook app. Step 4: Click on Continue to confirm your choice. Step 2: In the Disk Utility window, click on First Aid. Step 1: Press Command + Spacebar to open Spotlight Search, type Disk Utility, and press Return. In the case of the Outlook app not working on Mac, we suggest using the First Aid feature for checking and repairing any possible storage errors. You can also format the storage drive and create partitions of the storage with the help of Disk Utility. The Disk Utility app on your Mac allows you to examine both the internal and external storage devices connected to your Mac. Step 4: Try to launch Outlook and see if it is working properly or not. Step 3: If there’s an update available for Outlook, download and install it. Step 2: Once the App Store window opens, click on Updates in the left menu. Step 1: Press Command + Spacebar to reveal Spotlight Search, type App Store, and press Return. Installing a new version will squish off the bugs that are stopping the app from functioning properly. Moving on to the next solution, you should check for an update of the Outlook app. Try to relaunch the Outlook app on your Mac. ![]() Step 3: In the Force Quit window, select Microsoft Outlook. Step 2: Select Force Quit from the list of options. Step 1: Click the Apple icon in the top-left corner. That’ll just reset the app to give it a fresh start. To begin troubleshooting, you’ll need to force quit and restart the Outlook app. ![]() If you are also facing the same, here is a list of solutions to fix the Outlook app not working on Mac. So, you’ll need to sign in with your Microsoft account and use the app to access and manage your emails.īut sometimes the app stops working properly for some Mac users which further disturbs their workflow. Microsoft Outlook is a worthy alternative to the Apple Mail app and offers almost every feature that you would expect from an email app. ![]() ![]() The Contributor is required to disable the file permanently from all other places where he may sell it, as soon as possible after the sale occurred, but no longer than 72 hours. The agency will disable the media immediately after the buyer acquired this license. The buyer can use it exclusively (exclusivity applies from the moment that the file was downloaded using this license buyer must take into account potential past downloads made for media and choose it accordingly or investigate further via support), and include it in any type of design with just a few restrictions: sensitive subjects may still apply and the buyer may not claim that the file was created by him nor resell it as his work. This license represents a full ownership of the downloaded media. After the end of the exclusivity period, the Contributor will also be free to offer the media for download from other places where the Contributor sells his or her media. At the end of the exclusivity period, the buyer`s license will continue as before, with all of the same rights, except for the right of exclusivity, and the image will again be added to the available library of media on and again be made available to all users for purchase. The print run for both licenses is unlimited and continues after the exclusivity expired. Similarly, SR-E元 will grant an exclusive right to use the image for three years. SR-EL1 will grant an exclusive right to use the media for one year. The length of time for the exclusivity period depends on which license is selected. The Contributor acknowledges and agrees to provide the buyer with the exclusive right to use the file retrieved using the SR-EL1 or SR-E元 licenses, for the duration of the selected exclusivity period. ![]() The Contributor will be required to disable the file permanently from all other places where he or she may sell it, as soon as possible after the sale occured, but no longer than 72 hours. ĭreamstime will disable the image immediately after the buyer acquired this license. The buyer can use the media exclusively (exclusivity applies from the moment that the file was downloaded using this license) during the time period selected, and include it in any type of design with just a few restrictions: sensitive subjects may still apply and the buyer may not claim that the file was created by him nor resell it as his work. This license represents an exclusive right to use the downloaded media, but such exclusivity will only last for a limited period of time. Physical Items for Resale/Distribution: includes the right to use the photos or stills comprising media for T-shirts, postcards, greeting cards, mugs, mousepads, posters, calendars, framed artwork that is to be sold to other customers for an unlimited number of copies (applies as a total of each type of usage). Note that the other restrictions still apply. This is an additional license to the rights included within the regular Royalty-Free license. Maximum number of electronic items is unlimited (applies as a total of each type of usage). ![]() The number of copies allowed is unlimited for each designer/employee.Įlectronic Items for Resale/Distribution: this license includes the right to use the media in webtemplates that are sold to more customers, screensavers, e-cards, powerpoint presentations or as wallpapers on cell phones. The U-EL license is applied only for the staff of the organization that holds the account. It is an additional license to the usage included within the regular Royalty-Free / Editorial license that awards rights for a single person within the same company. Step 9: From the back, bend the paper that will serve as a leaf that will blossom on your petals.This license extends our regular Royalty Free / Editorial license to an unlimited number of seats within the same organization. Fold all point corners of the triangle shape to the center. For the last time, fold all four corners again to the center then unfold. Step 5: Fold all the four corners again to the center, this will be the second layer. Step 4: Fold all four corners to the center. Step 3: Fold from the bottom left corner to the top right corner then unfold. Step 2: Fold the top corner left to the bottom right corner then unfold. Step 1: Start with a square piece of paper. Blossom your day as you make this Origami Lotus Blossom!ĭifficulty: Medium! How to Make an Origami Lotus Blossom? You can use this Origami Lotus Blossom to hang on your walls, display on your tables, or give it to your kids and encourage them to make their very own too. Have you ever seen a Lotus that actually blossomed? It looks pretty right? Let’s make this craft to design your homes or even in your fun plays. ![]() ![]() ![]() They may be longing for a more creative or fulfilling job that aligns with their passions and emotions. In terms of career, this combination implies that the individual may be feeling uninspired or unsatisfied with their current job. The reversed Page of Cups and Six of Cups combination in career and finances can indicate a lack of emotional fulfillment and nostalgia for past experiences. The Reversed Page of Cups and Six of Cups Tarot Card Combination in Career and Finances It’s important to stay open to communication and seek out opportunities for growth in relationships. In conclusion, when the Page of Cups reversed and the Six of Cups appear together in a tarot reading, it’s a sign that you need to examine your emotional state and let go of what’s holding you back in order to move forward.ĭon’t be afraid to confront your feelings and take steps towards healing and growth!įurther reading: The Page Of Cups Reversed and Two Of Cups combination in a tarot reading can signify a lack of emotional fulfillment and difficulty in establishing deeper connections. You may need to let go of old memories, grudges, or other negative emotions in order to find happiness and fulfillment in the present. ![]() ![]() This combination of cards can also express that you’re on the cusp of a new beginning, and that you just need to let go of old emotional baggage in order to move forward. You may be feeling like you’re stuck in the past, and are unable to move forward in a positive and productive way.īut don’t worry, it’s not all bad news. When these two cards appear together, it can express that you’re struggling to find emotional fulfillment and connection in your current situation. It can also indicate a desire for simpler times, or a longing for childhood innocence. This card often represents nostalgia and sentimentality. The reversed Page can indicate a lack of confidence, so you may be feeling unsure of yourself and your abilities. This card can also express that you’re not feeling inspired or creatively fulfilled. The Page of Cups reversed combined with the Six of Cups in a tarot reading can indicate a few different things, and none of them are particularly great.įirst off, the Page of Cups reversed can mean that you’re feeling emotionally closed off or disconnected from others. Well honey, let me break it down for you. The Reversed Page of Cups and the Six of Cups Tarot Card: A Journey through Emotional Transformation This combination may require taking a step back and analyzing how past experiences are affecting one’s emotional wellbeing in the present. The Page of Cups Reversed may indicate a blockage in one’s ability to fully express their emotions, while the Six of Cups symbolizes revisiting childhood memories and finding joy in nostalgia. The Page of Cups Reversed and Six of Cups tarot cards when combined express a challenge to finding balance between nostalgia and emotional expression. ![]() ![]() 'Joey's a very fearless person'īurrow comes from a defensive football lineage. 13, largely because of its quarterback who relishes the physical side of the game perhaps more than most at his position. He became the first quarterback to be sacked more than 50 times in the regular season to reach the Super Bowl, according to ESPN Stats & Information.Ĭincinnati will face the Los Angeles Rams in Super Bowl LVI on Feb. When the Bengals beat the Kansas City Chiefs to win the AFC championship, Burrow made history. "Contact has never been something he's been afraid of. "I think he plays football like a defensive player sometimes," Bengals offensive coordinator Brian Callahan said, adding that Cincinnati coach Zac Taylor quipped that Burrow plays like a linebacker. Whether it was in high school, in college at Ohio State and LSU or in the NFL, Burrow has earned a certain reputation, unique among offensive stars. And with a big grin, Burrow said Warren told him that was the hardest he's been hit by someone who made their name on offense. ![]() Inside the Black Sheep Performance gym in the Cincinnati area this summer, Burrow saw Warren again. Even though Warren stayed on his feet and gained a few more yards, he was briefly shaken up on the play. He launched toward Warren's legs, stopping the running back's momentum. On the final drive, Warren caught a quick pass and went upfield. In a 2014 Ohio state championship game, Burrow was playing for Athens High School as a defensive back, trying to stop Toledo Central Catholic and running back Michael Warren II from scoring the game-winning touchdown. 'He's as tough as it comes': Why the Bengals' Joe Burrow plays QB like a linebackerĬINCINNATI - Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow was preparing for his second NFL season when he saw someone he once met in passing. 7 - 2-yard touchdown to Terrace Marshall: Could I have thrown this touchdown with Marshall that wide open? Maybe, but let's not get too ahead of ourselves here.You have reached a degraded version of because you're using an unsupported version of Internet Explorer.įor a complete experience, please upgrade or use a supported browser ![]() 3 Clemson, here are all of Burrow's touchdown passes, ranked from least impressive to utterly jaw-dropping. So with the Tigers moving on to the national championship to face either No. This has been commonplace - maybe not in the number of touchdowns recorded, but certainly in their fashion. Such a surgical performance would be more stunning if Burrow wasn't the best player in college football all year long. ![]() Even Burrow's non-touchdown throws were incredible. In all, Burrow's eight total touchdowns (seven passing, one rushing) were the most ever in a bowl outing. He also became just the fifth player in FBS history to throw for seven touchdowns in a half of any game. The story is that Burrow had seven touchdown passes in the first half, matching a bowl game record. 4 was destined for a world of hurt against this LSU team. That Oklahoma was clearly overmatched is neither here nor there. 4 Oklahoma was trying to piece together a miserable attempt to stay competitive in a 63-21 win for the top-ranked Tigers. Namely, Burrow was playing out of his mind while No. LSU quarterback Joe Burrow was playing a different game than Oklahoma when the two teams met in the Peach Bowl for the College Football Playoff semifinal on Saturday. ![]() ![]() ![]() “Spotify is built on the back of the music streaming. Spotify Chief Executive Daniel Ek, in an internal town hall earlier this week, told concerned employees that the company does not approve Rogan’s guests or edit his show before publication, but vowed “to consistently enforce our policies on even the loudest and most popular voices on the platform,” hinting that Rogan episodes would be removed if they violated Spotify’s content guidelines. 30 of a COVID-19 vaccine skeptic, Robert Malone, which drew concern about “misinformation” from medical professionals, academics and artists like Neil Young. The boycotts were initially triggered by Rogan’s uncritical interview on Dec. Rogan said “it’s a f- idiotic thing to say, and I was just trying to be entertaining, I certainly wasn’t trying to be racist.” He added: “I can’t go back in time and change what I said, I wish I could, obviously that’s not possible, but I do hope this could be a teachable moment for anybody that doesn’t realize how offensive that word could be coming out of a white person’s mouth, in context or out of context.”Īrie is part of a small wave of artists who asked to have their music pulled off Spotify over the past month. “I did not, nor would I ever say Black people are apes, but it sure f- sounded like that.” “I was trying to make the story entertaining, and I said, we got out, and it was ‘like we were in Africa, it’s like we were in Planet of the Apes,’” Rogan recounted. ![]() Rogan also apologized for a clip “that makes me sick” from a decade ago when he told a story on a deleted episode of the show about getting dropped off in an “all-Black neighborhood” to see the movie “Planet of the Apes.” “I’m not racist, but whenever you’re in a situation where you have to say ‘I’m not racist,’ you f- up, and I clearly have f- up.” Rogan said he would use the word referentially in various contexts, like when quoting others or talking about other people using the word. “I haven’t said it in years, but for a long time, when I would bring that word up, instead of saying the N-word, I would just say the word.” “I know for most people there’s no context where a white person is allowed to say that word, never mind publicly on a podcast, and I agree with that now,” Rogan said in an Instagram video Saturday morning. Rogan’s show has more than 1,700 episodes overall. Spotify, which has been beleaguered by Rogan-related controversies for weeks, removed about 70 old episodes of “The Joe Rogan Experience” on Friday, according to the website JRE Missing, giving no explanation. ![]() Popular Spotify podcast host Joe Rogan, who is white, apologized early Saturday morning for previously using the N-word after the musician India Arie, who is Black, posted a video montage online of Rogan saying the word about 20 times on his show across the years. ![]() ![]() ![]() If MS Excel opens the documents and saves them without causing any error, then disable or uninstall faulty Excel add-ins. If you still see the errors while saving Excel 2013 document, try uninstalling MS Office and then do a fresh install by following this guide. Then select the ' Repair' option to repair the MS Office installation and filesĪfter repair, try to open the same document, edit it, and then save it.Select Microsoft Office and then click on the ' Change' button.Open Control Panel and choose ' Uninstall a program.'.To fix these issues, you may try to repair MS Office files or reinstall MS Office when the repair does not fix the problem. The error may also appear due to damaged MS Office files. Other Manual Fixes You May Try to Resolve Errors detected while saving Excel 2013 1. ![]() Thus, it can save time if you are encountering this error with multiple Excel files. The software repairs damaged or corrupt Excel files, extracts data, and saves it in a new Excel document. In such cases, you may use an Excel repair software, such as Stellar Repair for Excel. However, these workarounds may not be feasible if you have hundreds of Excel workbooks and experiencing the error with all. This way, you can save all the changes made to the original file in a new document without encountering errors while saving Excel 2013 workbook. Copy Data to New Excel DocumentĪnother quick and easy way to resolve the issue and error is to copy the Excel sheet data and paste it into a new Excel file. This may allow you to save the Excel file and all the changes you made to the workbook. xlsx format, go to File > Save As and choose. Instead of saving the Excel file in default. This is one of the easiest ways to resolve the ‘Errors were detected while saving the Excel 2013’ issue. Methods to Fix Errors Were Detected While Saving Excel 2013įollowing are a few methods that you can use to resolve errors detected while saving Excel 2013, recover Excel file, and save it at your desired location. The error message may also appear while trying to access or save the Excel document in a folder, drive, or network storage location where you don't have permission to write. Multiple Excel files open at the same time.This may occur due to the following reasons: xlsx file, make changes, and try to save the changes. This error message usually appears when you open a. To cancel saving the file, click Cancel" while saving an Excel (.xls/.xlsx) workbook. To make the repairs in a new file, click Continue. MS Excel may detect and display error messages, such as "Errors were detected while saving 'D:\MyFolder\Business Documents\Tax Invoiveces.xlsx.' Microsoft Excel may be able to save the file by removing or repairing some features. We’ve also discussed various methods and solutions to help Excel users resolve this common issue. The error does not allow users to save the changes and leads to data loss as changes made to documents are not saved. Summary: In this guide, we’ve discussed a common error that appears while saving an Excel file in Windows. They are identifiable with a special user flair.Ī community since MaAsking a question? Describe if you are using Excel (include version and operating system!), Google Sheets, or another spreadsheet application. Occasionally Microsoft developers will post or comment. Recent ClippyPoint Milestones !Ĭongratulations and thank you to these contributors Date Include a screenshot, use the tableit website, or use the ExcelToReddit converter (courtesy of u/tirlibibi17) to present your data. NOTE: For VBA, you can select code in your VBA window, press Tab, then copy and paste that into your post or comment. To keep Reddit from mangling your formulas and other code, display it using inline-code or put it in a code-block ![]() This will award the user a ClippyPoint and change the post's flair to solved. OPs can (and should) reply to any solutions with: Solution Verified ![]() They offer an original and soy free option, as well as an organic recipe. The tub is great for daily cooking and things like toast, and the sticks are great for baking. If you're looking for an alternative to traditional butter, this brand offers delicious options that come in both tub and stick form. ![]() Ingredients on my package of cupcakes are: Water, flour mix (white rice flour, tapioca flour, potato starch, guar gum, salt), organic light brown sugar, organic cane sugar, canola oil, cocoa, natural vanilla flavor, egg replacer (potato starch, tapioca flour, leavening [calcium lactate ), Fresh Organic Parsley, Herbs, Kosher Salt.Įarth Balance has been a go-to brand for our family for over a decade, and this buttery spread was the saving grace I needed when we first had to quit dairy. According to the website, these are now called Mini Mo's, and the recipe has changed. I like that they are mini-sized to keep my portion control in check. I was not expecting these to be as good as they are, and they actually do taste similar to a Hostess cupcake. I found them in a freezer near the bakery, and they're free of top 7 allergens: dairy, gluten, eggs, fish, shellfish, soy, and peanuts. ALWAYS be sure to check the packaging of items when you purchase, as some ingredients may change. ![]() Important to note: I am including the ingredients for some of these items for reference only. ![]() These are some of my favorite dairy free items that I've come to love over the years, with lots of gluten free and vegan options, too. While I love a visit to Wegmans, the ease of online ordering, grocery delivery, and the healthy options available at Whole Foods have really won me over. I've been shopping at Whole Foods for a few years now, and it quickly became my favorite place to shop. ![]() ![]() ![]() Research has found manta rays to be quite active socially, with individuals gathering to form large groups or “feeding aggregations” at certain times of the year. Manta rays are highly interactive with each other, engaging in several behaviors that promote communication and potential bonding. When born, baby mantas are usually between two and three feet in length and already exhibit their distinctive flattened body shape. The gestation period for a manta ray is around one year and can vary according to species.ĭuring this time, the developing young manta ray will absorb nourishment from a yolk sac supplied by the mother. Manta rays use an ovoviviparous form of reproduction, meaning they give birth to live young as opposed to laying eggs. The mating involves fertilization of the female cloaca through one of the male claspers. This type of courtship behavior lasts up to 30 minutes before one of the mating partners gets too tired to continue. They will come together in large numbers to create mating aggregations or “mating balls.”ĭuring these congregations, it’s common to see the males circling and chasing females trying to grab their pectoral fins with their mouths while making bubble trails behind them. The mating season for manta rays varies depending on the manta ray’s location. In addition to their preferred habitat of shallow lagoons, manta rays have been known to venture out into deeper water columns in search of food or when seeking refuge from strong currents or storms. They also feed on various types of plankton such as krill, copepods, and jellyfish that can be found among these reefs. Manta rays enjoy living among coral reefs and may even use the reef structures as protection against predators. Manta rays prefer living in warm waters with ample food sources, making them perfect for many different habitats. These beautiful creatures typically live in shallow lagoons, coral reefs, estuaries, and coastal areas. ![]() Manta rays inhabit tropical and temperate waters around the world. Some even venture into deeper water at night if conditions are favorable for finding food. They will swim with their mouths open and filter out whatever happens to be swimming by, which makes it easier for them to capture prey. ![]() Manta rays have adapted their feeding habits to suit their environment they generally feed in shallow waters near coral reefs or sandbanks where there is more food available than in deeper waters. In addition to plankton, manta rays may also consume small fish and squid when they can find them. These rakers act like a sieve, allowing the manta ray to take in small organisms such as krill and shrimp while expelling the unwanted water. Manta rays diet consists primarily of plankton, which they filter from the water using specialized gill rakers. ![]() ![]() A substance with a pH of 7 is a neutral solution, having equal numbers of H+ and OH- ions. The pH scale is typically measured from 0 to 14. PH is the measurement of hydrogen (H+) and hydroxyl (OH-) in a solution that contains water. Thus, desert potholes grow deeper over time. In places on the stone where water stands, this process speeds up, causing depressions to slowly deepen. Wind and rain then removes these tiny grains. Chemical weathering dissolves approximately one sand grain per year from the rock. This weak carbonic acid reacts with the calcium carbonate in the stone, slowly eating away at the rock. On the Colorado Plateau, this breakdown is often caused by rainwater, picking up CO2 in the atmosphere and becoming slightly acidic. The piece is still sandstone, just smaller and no longer connected to the arch.Ĭhemical weathering involves breaking down of the minerals that hold the individual grains of sand together. Eventually, the piece falls out of the arch, which is erosion. Each time the water freezes, the crack gets bigger, but both pieces are still sandstone. An example might be ice expanding a crack on the side of an arch. Physical weathering breaks the rock into smaller pieces, but the components remain virtually the same. There are two types of weathering: physical and chemical. This confusion is understandable because they are often intertwined. Weathering is the physical breakup of rocks, and is often confused with erosion, which is the removal of rock by gravity, wind, and water once it has weathered. UV light is also monitored, which indirectly reflects the condition of the upper atmosphere ozone layer. ![]() Even if all countries quit using CFCs, however, they will linger in the upper atmosphere for decades. ![]() Since 1987, The Montreal Protocol outlawed the use of CFCs in the United States and many countries. Humans used CFCs to manufacture hundreds of different products, including Styrofoam packaging, aerosol spray cans, and as the coolants in refrigerators and air conditioners. This reaction is a chemical change in the ozone molecule. The single largest factor in the destruction of the ozone layer is a family of chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). But, increased UV light from a damaged ozone layer leads to increased incidences of skin and eye disease in humans as well as damage to some wildlife and plants. Normal quantities of UV light are good for such things as plant growth and suntans. The stratospheric ozone layer blocks much of the sun’s UV light from reaching the earth’s surface. Unlike in the lower atmosphere, Ozone plays a positive role in the upper atmosphere. Scientists monitor ozone levels to provide real time data on air quality to the public. Canyonlands National Park also monitors ozone at ground level. Car exhaust, the result of a chemical change in fuel, is a major contributor of ozone to the lower atmosphere. High levels of ozone in the lower atmosphere can cause human health problems and can contribute to the greenhouse effect. Ozone is an invisible gas made of 3 oxygen atoms. Burning a piece of paper would be a chemical change, as would baking a cake. At the end of a chemical change, you have a new substance. Chemical changes are those where one or more substances are combined to produce a new substance. For example, chopping up a carrot or ice melting into water are both physical changes. Physical changes are those in which the shape, size, or state of the matter changes, but the substance is still essentially the same. ![]() Matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas (or plasma) and can change in many ways. Air, water, rocks, trees, stars, and animals all consist of matter. Everything that has mass and volume, no matter how small, is made of matter. Emphasize whether a new substance is or is not created by the formation of a new substance with different properties. Standard 5.2.3 Plan and carry out investigations to determine the effect of combining two or more substances. Emphasize making observations of changes supported by a particle model of matter. Standard 5.2.1 Develop and use a model to describe that matter is made of particles on a scale that is too small to be seen. Whether a change results in a new substance or not, the total amount of matter is always conserved. When two or more different substances are combined a new substance with different properties may be formed. ![]() Substances have specific properties by which they can be identified. Matter is made of particles that are too small to be seen but still exist and can be detected by other means. Strand 5.2: PROPERTIES AND CHANGES OF MATTER All substances are composed of matter. Utah Science with Engineering Education Standards: Strand 5.2: Properties and Changes of Matter:Įssential Question: What physical and chemical changes in matter can be observed in nature? Grade Level: Upper Elementary: Third Grade through Fifth Grade Subject: Science State Standards: Utah Science Standards ![]() |
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